Lupine Publishers | scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition
Abstract
One
of the most common diseases of bone is arthritis. This disease affects the
movable joints like that of knee, knuckles and some time hip joint. The three
types of arthritis that are usually observed are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
osteoarthritis and gout related osteoarthritis. Basically in all these types of
osteoarthritis, vitamin K related diet intake is recommended as this vitamin
activates the GLa proteins by γ carboxylation resulting in proper
mineralization of bones and cartilages. In case of Gout related arthritis,
purine rich food should be avoided along with alcoholic drinks like beer.
Keywords: Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Cartilage,
Gout, Vitamin K
Introduction
The
word arthritis indicates pain in joints in the body. It is because in the
joints the two bones are separated by a soft tissue which mostly cartilaginous
in nature. Its only when this soft tissue is degenerated then the two ossified
bones rubs against each other to generate pains. This is the simplest form of
explanation for arthritis [1]. Therefore, one can note that the disease is a
degenerative disease. There are different reasons for such a degeneration of
the soft tissue. One of the most common reason when the degeneration occurs in
the hip joints or in the knee joints is because of overweight of the body which
is borne on these two types of joints for a long time leading to gradual
degeneration of the soft tissue at these joints. Some time due excessive
physical work like lifting of heavy loads can also result in degeneration over
a period. Ultimately the last but not the least reason is that the degeneration
is due to an autoimmune condition when the immune system of the body destroys this
soft tissue in the joints. This condition is called as rheumatoid arthritis
[2]. The other two reasons stated prior to this leads to what is known as
osteoarthritis. The third arthritis that one often sees is due to deposition of
uric acid crystals in the joints leading to inflammation of the joints and this
is the gout related arthritis [3]. The suffering (mostly the excruciating pain)
is further aggravated by psychological conditions in many elderly people when
patients are living an isolated solitary life with nobody nearby [4].
Preventive Nutritional Factors
Whatever may be the reason, the most important question often asked is: can this degeneration be prevented or ameliorated by nutritional factors? If one sees the literature available on prevention of such a condition [5], then one would see that two important vitamins should be provided through nutrition and these are viz. vitamin D and more important is vitamin K or phylloquinone, which is responsible for γ carboxylation of Gla proteins like Matrix Gla proteins (MGP proteins) , osteocalcin, Gas 6 etc. The active form of these proteins (produced in presence of vitamin K) is responsible for bone and cartilage mineralization in joints [5]. The inactive forms have no functions at all. If these do not take place properly then osteoarthritis symptoms are seen (especially in knee joints). Figure 1 shows a X-ray image of normal knee joint and Figure 2 shows X-ray image of a osteoarthritic knee joint.
Vitamin
K rich foods are leafy vegetables like spinach, cauliflower, cabbage etc. These
nutritional advice also ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis also to some extent but
should be combined with other chemotherapeutic treatment. In case of gout
(previously referred to as king’s disease) related arthritis, is due to
consumption of food that causes slow-down of removal of uric acid [6]. These
include foods which are rich in purines and drinking too much alcohol
especially beer. The other factors are overweight, diabetes, taking certain
diuretics. This uric acid will then get deposited in crystalline form in the
joints causing pains like osteoarthritis as movability of these joints gets
highly restricted. The patients are advised under such condition is to avoid
highly proteinaceous food like meat, eggs etc. like along with drinks like
beer. Figure 3 shows foods that must be avoided by patients suffering from gout
and Figure 4 shows the foods that should be taken (of course keeping other
health related conditions in mind) by patients of gout.
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